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Corrosion Resistance of AISI 442 and AISI 446 Ferritic Stainless Steels as a Support for PEMWE Bipolar Plates
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)Cost reduction in bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers has previously been attempted by substituting bulk titanium with austenitic stainless steels protected with highly conductive and corrosion-resistant ... -
Cost and Emissions Reduction in CO2 Capture Plant Dependent on Heat Exchanger Type and Different Process Configurations: Optimum Temperature Approach Analysis
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)The performance of a plate heat exchanger (PHE), in comparison with the conventional shell and tube types, through a trade-off analysis of energy cost and capital cost resulting from different temperature approaches in the ... -
Cost Optimal Design of ZEN’s Energy System: Model Presentation and Case Study on Evenstad
(Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Energy System Optimization : ISESO 2018, Chapter; Conference object; Peer reviewed, 2019)Zero Emission Neighborhoods (ZEN) is a concept studied in particular in the research center on ZEN in smart cities in Norway to reduce the CO2 emissions of neighborhoods. One question coming along this concept is how to ... -
Cost optimal investment in energy efficiency measures and energy supply system in a neighbourhood in Norway
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)Building renovation is a key measure to reduce energy consumption and Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and ease the transition to a fully renewable energy system. This paper applies the IEA EBC Annex 75 methodology for ... -
Cost Optimal Retrofitting Of Shopping Malls In Europe
(Conference object; Peer reviewed, 2015)The aim of this study was to assess the possible retrofitting actions with a cost-optimal vision for shopping mall managers. Cost optimization was analysed with state-of-the-art evaluation tools, taking initial, operational ... -
Cost optimization of a zero-emission office building
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)The cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency measures meant to achieve a zero-emission office building is investigated and compared to business as usual energy efficiency measures. The laboratory for zero emission buildings, ... -
Cost-effective clean ammonia production using membrane-assisted autothermal reforming
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)Ammonia is a widely produced industrial chemical, primarily for use in the fertilizer industry. Recently, interest has also grown in ammonia as a carbon-free energy carrier because it is easier to store and transport than ... -
Cost-effective processing of a piezoresistive MEMS cantilever sensor
(Chapter, 2011)In this paper cost-effective methods for fabrication of a piezoresistive cantilever sensor for industrial use are focused. The intended use of the presented cantilever is a medical application. A closer description of the ... -
Cost-optimal energy system design in Zero Energy Buildings with resulting grid impact: A case study of a German multi-family house
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016)Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) are considered as one of the key elements to meet the Energy Strategy of the European Union. This paper investigates cost-optimal solutions for the energy system design in a ZEB and the subsequent ... -
Costs and Procurement for Cross-Laminated Timber in Mid-Rise Buildings
(Journal article, 2019)The objective of this paper is to report and analyse strategies for cost reduction, design processes, and procurement models of one wooden nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) in Norway. The building investigated in this ... -
Costs and quality at the hospital level in the nordic countries
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2015)This article develops and analyzes patient register-based measures of quality for the major Nordic countries. Previous studies show that Finnish hospitals have significantly higher average productivity than hospitals in ... -
Costs of treating childhood malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia in rural Mozambique and Uganda
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)Background: Globally, nearly half of all deaths among children under the age of 5 years can be attributed to malaria, diarrhoea, and pneumonia. A significant proportion of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite ... -
Could the Outsourcing of Incident Response Management Provide a Blueprint for Managing Other Cloud Security Requirements?
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017)In this chapter, we consider whether the outsourcing of incident management is a viable technological approach that may be transferable to other cloud security management requirements. We review a viable approach to ... -
A coupled diffusion and cohesive zone modelling approach for numerically assessing hydrogen embrittlement of steel structures
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)Simulation of hydrogen embrittlement requires a coupled approach; on one side, the models describing hydrogen transport must account for local mechanical fields, while on the other side, the effect of hydrogen on the ... -
Coupling Field Observations and Geographical Information System (GIS)-Based Analysis for Improved Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) Performance
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)Urbanization and increased precipitation volumes and intensities due to climate change add pressure to the urban drainage system, resulting in increased flooding frequencies of urban areas and deteriorating water quality ... -
Coupling of dynamic reaction forces of a heavy load crane and ship motion responses in waves
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)The conventional approach to dynamic analysis of ship motion response with shipboard operation equipment is usually done by establishing combined equations of motion of the multi-body system. The weakness of such methods ... -
Coupling the cross-entropy with the line sampling method for risk-based design optimization
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2016)An algorithm for risk-based optimization (RO) of engineering systems is proposed, which couples the Cross-entropy (CE) optimization method with the Line Sampling (LS) reliability method. The CE-LS algorithm relies on the ... -
Coupling time-indexed and big-M formulations for real-time train scheduling during metro service disruptions
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)Track disruptions in metro systems may lead to severe train delays with many passengers stranded at platforms, unable to board on overloaded trains. Dispatchers may put in place different recovery actions, such as alternating ... -
CPFD Modeling to study the Hydrodynamics of an Industrial Fluidized Bed Reactor for Alumina Chlorination
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)Aluminum is one of the most used metals. Since aluminum has a unique combination of appealing properties and effects, it allows significant energy savings in many applications, such as vehicles and buildings. Although this ... -
CPFD Simulations on a Chlorination Fluidized Bed Reactor for Aluminum Production: An Optimization Study
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)Early CPFD simulation studies on designing a fluidized bed reactor for alumina chlorination showed that the model suffers from high particle outflow and dense phase bed channeling. The present study is aimed to optimize ...