Measuring β* in SuperKEKB with K modulation

Abstract

SuperKEKB is an asymmetric energy electron positrion collider currently under commissioning in Japan. It aims to achieve a record high luminosity of 8 × 10 35 cm − 2 s − 1 , for which accurate control of β ∗ y is needed. The advanced final focus system is also relevant for studies related to future linear colliders, which similarly need to achieve very small beam sizes. To work for SuperKEKB, the K modulation technique is generalized to allow known quadrupole fields between the modulated magnets and the interaction point. Initial measurements taken in HER agree with simulations, and show that K modulation is suitable for measuring the minimum of the β function at the interaction point within 1%, however it is too uncertain to be used for measuring the displacement of the beam waist away from the interaction point. In addition, tune shift equations for a modulated quadrupole are derived without assuming a thin lens perturbation, giving a simple method to calculate the tune shift to second order in the quadrupole strength modulation.