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dc.contributor.authorTronstad, Tron Vedul
dc.contributor.authorJenssen, Gunnar
dc.contributor.authorMoscoso Paredes, Claudia Trinidad
dc.contributor.authorSödersten, Carl-Johan Hugo
dc.contributor.authorZaikonnikov, Eugene
dc.date.accessioned2022-05-06T12:31:29Z
dc.date.available2022-05-06T12:31:29Z
dc.date.created2021-08-27T08:50:48Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationFire safety journal. 2021, 125, 103431.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0379-7112
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2994598
dc.description.abstractAlthough visual signage is the most common means of evacuation support in road tunnel emergencies, these can be of little help when there is dense smoke product of a fire. In such cases, auditory messages can lead evacuees out of a tunnel even in conditions with limited vision. This paper presents the results of two full-scale experimental studies designed to evaluate whether sound signals can help people to evacuate out of a smoke-filled tunnel due to a fire. Experiment 1 tested two sound signals (i.e. clicking sound and whistling sound) and their effect in aiding evacuation from a tunnel with poor vision. Experiment 2 was based on the results from Experiment 1 and tested two sound signals (i.e. clicking sound and bell sound). Experiment 2 confirmed that the evacuation success rate increased as people received information that they should follow the sound. In addition, subjective assessments by the participants revealed a higher preference for the tone-based sounds (i.e. bell sound and whistling sound) over the clicking sound. The results of this study can have implications in the assessment of new measures to support a more efficient evacuation from tunnels during emergencies.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.subjectSound signalsen_US
dc.subjectEvacuationen_US
dc.subjectTunnel fireen_US
dc.subjectRoad tunnelen_US
dc.titleSound signals to improve evacuation in road tunnelsen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holder© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en_US
dc.source.volume125en_US
dc.source.journalFire safety journalen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.firesaf.2021.103431
dc.identifier.cristin1929135
dc.source.articlenumber103431en_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode2


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