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dc.contributor.authorThelin, Willy Røstum
dc.contributor.authorSivertsen, Edvard
dc.contributor.authorRaspati, Gema Sakti
dc.contributor.authorAzrague, Kamal
dc.contributor.authorHelness, Herman
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-21T06:39:07Z
dc.date.available2021-04-21T06:39:07Z
dc.date.created2021-04-16T08:03:33Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.issn2077-0375
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2738740
dc.description.abstractA novel approach for resource recovery includes forward osmosis (FO) as a concentration step in municipal wastewater treatment. The current study investigates different pre-treatment strategies including biological treatment with a moving-bed bioreactor (MBBR) at different loading rates and particle removal by filtration and sedimentation. Membrane performance and recovery potential for energy and nutrients were investigated in laboratory-scale FO experiments in batch mode using pre-treated municipal wastewater as feed and 35 g/L NaCl as a draw solution. Initial water fluxes were in the range of 6.3 to 8.0 L/(m2·h). The baseline fluxes were modelled to account for flux decline due to concentration effects and to enable the prediction of flux decline due to membrane fouling. Fouling-related flux decline varied from 0 to 31%. Both organic fouling and precipitation of CaCO3 and CaHPO4 were identified by using SEM–EDS. High-rate flushing resulted in complete flux recovery under most conditions. Scaling could be avoided by lowering the pH. Two operation strategies were tested to achieve this: (1) applying a bioreactor with a low organic loading rate to achieve high nitrification, and (2) adding a strong acid. A low organic loading rate and the use of additional particle removal were efficient measures that reduced organic/particulate fouling. The recovery potentials for COD and phosphorous in FO concentrate were close to 100%en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0*
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectNutrient recoveryen_US
dc.subjectResource recoveryen_US
dc.subjectRorward osmosisen_US
dc.subjectWastewater treatmenten_US
dc.subjectMunicipal wastewateren_US
dc.titleConcentration of Municipal MBBR Effluent by FO for Resource Recovery: Batch Experiments in Side-Stream Configurationen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holder© 2021 by the authorsen_US
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Teknologi: 500en_US
dc.source.volume11en_US
dc.source.journalMembranesen_US
dc.source.issue4en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/membranes11040278
dc.identifier.cristin1904482
dc.relation.projectNorges forskningsråd: 247612en_US
dc.source.articlenumber278en_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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