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dc.contributor.authorMertes, Verena
dc.contributor.authorKashulin, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorLagos, Leidy
dc.contributor.authorCiani, Elia
dc.contributor.authorColquhoun, Duncan John
dc.contributor.authorHaslene-Hox, Hanne
dc.contributor.authorSletta, Håvard
dc.contributor.authorSørum, Henning
dc.contributor.authorWinther-Larsen, Hanne Cecilie
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-09T13:26:37Z
dc.date.available2021-08-09T13:26:37Z
dc.date.created2021-01-26T21:58:49Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationVaccines. 2021, 9 (1), .en_US
dc.identifier.issn2076-393X
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2767071
dc.description.abstractFrancisellosis in fish is caused by the facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterial pathogens Francisella noatunensis ssp. noatunensis and Francisella orientalis. The disease is affecting both farmed and wild fish worldwide and no commercial vaccines are currently available. In this study, we tested isolated membrane vesicles (MVs) as possible vaccine candidates based on previous trials in zebrafish (Danio rerio) indicating promising vaccine efficacy. Here, the MV vaccine-candidates were tested in their natural hosts, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Injection of MVs did not display any toxicity or other negative influence on the fish and gene expression analysis indicated an influence on the host immune response. However, unlike in other tested fish species, a protective immunity following vaccine application and immunization period could not be detected in the Atlantic cod or tilapia. Further in vivo studies are required to achieve a better understanding of the development of immunological memory in different fish species.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.subjecttilapiaen_US
dc.subjectAtlantic coden_US
dc.subjectfish diseaseen_US
dc.subjectmembrane vesiclesen_US
dc.subjectvaccineen_US
dc.subjectfrancisellosisen_US
dc.titleThe Use of Extracellular Membrane Vesicles for Immunization against Francisellosis in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)en_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holder© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en_US
dc.source.pagenumber19en_US
dc.source.volume9en_US
dc.source.journalVaccinesen_US
dc.source.issue1en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/vaccines9010034
dc.identifier.cristin1879983
dc.source.articlenumber34en_US
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextoriginal
cristin.qualitycode1


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