• Composition and Structure Analysis of Hard Grey Scale (HGS) Formed on Cold Surfaces Exposed to Aluminium Production Off-gas 

      Perez Clos, Daniel; Zedel, Hannes; Johnsen, Sverre Gullikstad; Nekså, Petter; Aune, Ragnhild Elizabeth (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Hard grey scale (HGS) is a strongly adhering fouling material forming on solid surfaces impinged by off-gas generated in the pot cells of primary aluminium production plants. Even though associated maintenance costs have ...
    • Conceptual Tapping Model of Mn-Ferroalloy Furnaces 

      Tangstad, Merete; Olsen, Jan Erik; Ringdalen, Eli; Ksiazek, Michal Tomasz; Reynolds, Quinn; Steenkamp, Joalet (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The tapping process of submerged arc furnaces, like the Mn-ferroalloy production process, is when you drain the liquid metal and slag from the furnace. The optimal tapping process is when slag and metal is drained from the ...
    • Gas Flow and Pressure Drop in Charge Material in Silicon Production 

      Ringdalen, Eli; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne; Nordhus, Astrid (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Gassing, outbursts of high-rate gas flows through the taphole, is a phenomenon that sometimes occurs during tapping of silicon furnaces. In addition to being an HSE challenge, this might also affect the tapping, while the ...
    • Gassing During Tapping of Silicon 

      Vachaparambil, Kurian J.; Panjwani, Balram; Olsen, Jan Erik (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      During tapping of metal from silicon furnaces, a significant amount of gas is often released through the tap-hole. The gas is combustible, and a flame jet is created which poses a safety threat to operators. Due to the ...
    • Tapping Gas from the Silicon Submerged Arc Furnace: An Industrial Measurement Campaign 

      Andersen, Vegar; Gaertner, Heiko; Grådahl, Svend; Ksiazek, Michal Tomasz; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Producing high-silicon alloys in submerged arc furnaces (SAF) involves the generation of an intermediate process gas, consisting of silicon monoxide (SiO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Combustion of process gas from the taphole ...
    • Use of a Distributed Micro-sensor System for Monitoring the Indoor Particulate Matter Concentration in the Atmosphere of Ferroalloy Production Plants 

      Myklebust, Håkon A Hartvedt Olsen; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Tranell, Maria Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a concern for both occupational health and the environment, and, in the ferroalloy industry, the level of such particles in the air can be considerable. Small, low-cost sensors for ...