• Silicon carbide formation from methane and silicon monoxide 

      Aarnæs, Trygve Storm; Ringdalen, Eli; Tangstad, Merete (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Silicon carbide (SiC) formation plays an important role during the production of elemental silicon. SiC forms through a high temperature reaction between silicon monoxide gas (SiO) and carbon. Currently, the carbon sources ...
    • Steam Reforming of Methane on Sponge Iron: Influence of GasComposition on Reaction Rate 

      Ramos Ribeiro, Tiago; Neto, João Batista Ferreira; Poco, Joao G R; Takano, Cyro; Kolbeinsen, Leiv; Ringdalen, Eli (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Direct Reduction processes use gases (CO and H2) for iron reduction and production of sponge iron or direct reduced iron (DRI). The generation of this gas occurs through methane reforming, which can be done in a reformer ...
    • Sustainable Metal Production: Use of Biocarbon and the Concern of Dusting 

      Jahrsengene, Gøril; Jayakumari, Sethulakshmy; Kero, Ida Teresia; Ringdalen, Eli (Chapter, 2023)
      The silicon and ferroalloy industries in Norway have traditionally relied on fossil carbon products as reductants for their respective process. Efforts to reduce fossil CO2 emissions by introducing biocarbon have already ...
    • The use of hydrogen as a potential reductant in the chromite smelting industry 

      Davies, Jamey; Paktunc, Dogan; Ramos-Hernandez, José Juan; Tangstad, Merete; Ringdalen, Eli; Beukes, Johan P.; Bessarabov, Dmitri G.; Du Preez, Stephanus P. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The chromium (Cr) content of stainless steel originates from recycled scrap and/or ferrochrome (FeCr), which is mainly produced by the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore. Ever-increasing pressure on FeCr producers to ...