• Characterisation of a Real-World Søderberg Electrode 

      Glastonbury, Ralph; Beukes, Paul; van Zyl, Pieter Gideon; Tangstad, Merete; Ringdalen, Eli; Dall, Douglas; Steenkamp, Joalet Dalene; Mushwana, Masana (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Very little research on Søderberg electrodes has been published in the journal peer reviewed public domain. The main aim of this work is to characterise a Søderberg electrode that was cut off approximately 0.5 m below the ...
    • Characterisation of a Real-World Søderberg Electrode 

      Glastonbury, Ralph; Beukes, Paul; van Zyl, Pieter Gideon; Tangstad, Merete; Ringdalen, Eli; Dall, Douglas; Steenkamp, Joalet Dalene; Mushwana, Masana (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Very little research on Søderberg electrodes has been published in the journal peer reviewed public domain. The main aim of this work is to characterise a Søderberg electrode that was cut off approximately 0.5 m below the ...
    • Characterization of a Si-SiO2 mixture generated from SiO and CO 

      Broggi, Andrea; Tangstad, Merete; Ringdalen, Eli (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      The reaction between SiO(g) and CO(g) is a relevant intermediate reaction in the silicon production process. One of the products generated from this gas mixture is called by its color, brown condensate. In this paper, ...
    • Characterization, thermodynamics and mechanism of formation of SiC-SiOx core–shell nanowires 

      Broggi, Andrea; Ringdalen, Eli; Tangstad, Merete (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Silicon carbide nanowires are valuable for electronic and optical applications, due to their high mechanical and electrical properties. Previous studies demonstrated that nanowires can be produced easily, by mixing a ...
    • Conceptual Tapping Model of Mn-Ferroalloy Furnaces 

      Tangstad, Merete; Olsen, Jan Erik; Ringdalen, Eli; Ksiazek, Michal Tomasz; Reynolds, Quinn; Steenkamp, Joalet (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The tapping process of submerged arc furnaces, like the Mn-ferroalloy production process, is when you drain the liquid metal and slag from the furnace. The optimal tapping process is when slag and metal is drained from the ...
    • Damring formation during rotary kiln chromite pre-reduction: Effects of pulverized carbonaceous fuel selection and partial pellet melting 

      van Staden, Yolindi; Beukes, Johan Paul; van Zyl, Pieter Gideon; Ringdalen, Eli; Tangstad, Merete; Kleynhans, Ernst L.J.; Bunt, John Reginald (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      Electricity consumption is the largest cost contributing factor in the production of ferrochrome. Currently the pelletized chromite pre-reduction process (solid-state reduction of chromite) is the process option with the ...
    • Effect of different SiO2 polymorphs on the reaction between SiO2 and SiC in Si production 

      Folstad, Marit Buhaug; Ringdalen, Eli; Tveit, Halvard; Tangstad, Merete (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      This work investigates the phase transformations in silica (SiO2) during heating to a target temperature between 1700 °C and 1900 °C and the effect of SiO2 polymorphs on the reduction reaction 2SiO2 + SiC = 3SiO + CO in ...
    • Effect of Moisture, Hydrogen, and Water–Gas Shift Reaction on the Prereduction Behavior of Comilog and Nchwaning Manganese Ores 

      Larssen, Trine Asklund; Tangstad, Merete (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The ore–gas reactions in the prereduction zone in a ferromanganese furnace are largely decisive of the overall energy efficiency, carbon consumption, and climate gas emissions in ferromanganese production. An increased ...
    • The Effect of Pre-Oxidation on the Reducibility of Chromite Using Hydrogen: A Preliminary Study 

      Davies, Jamey; Tangstad, Merete; Ringdalen, Eli; Beukes, Johan Paul; Bessarabov, Dmitri; du Preez, Stephanus Petrus (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The majority of ferrochrome (FeCr) is produced through the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore. In recent years, FeCr producers have been pressured to curve carbon emissions, necessitating the exploration of alternative ...
    • Energy Distribution in HC FeMn and SiMn - Energy vs Exergy Analyses 

      Larssen, Trine Asklund; Kero, Ida; Tangstad, Merete (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      The metal producing industry is a high consumer of energy and large amounts of excess heat are produced. Increasing the energy efficiency would be beneficial, both in terms of the environment and also from an economical ...
    • Evolution of SiOx shell layers on SiC-SiOx core-shell nanowires 

      Broggi, Andrea; Ringdalen, Eli; Tangstad, Merete (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Composite core-shell SiC-SiOx nanowires can be produced by heating quartz and SiC powders, with addition of Ar(g) or He(g). The two powders are mixed to create pellets, which will react to SiO(g) and CO(g) at elevated ...
    • Gaseous reduction of Mn ores in CO-CO2 atmosphere 

      Larssen, Trine Asklund; Tangstad, Merete; Kero, Ida (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Chapter, 2018)
      The efficiency in production of manganese ferroalloys is dependent on the gaseous reduction of the higher manganese oxides in the ores used as raw materials. The materials, descending in the furnace, will meet the furnace ...
    • Graphite crucible interaction with Fe–Si–B phase change material in pilot-scale experiments 

      Jiao, Jianmeng; Tangstad, Merete; Jayakumari, Sethulakshmy; Wallin, Maria (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Fe–26Si–9B alloy is a promising high temperature phase change material (HTPCM), due to its high heat of fusion, small volumetric change, abundance, and low cost. Additionally, graphite has been identified as a promising ...
    • High temperature interaction between Si–B alloys and Si3N4 

      Jiao, Jian Meng; Tang, Kai; Safarian, Jafar; Grorud, Bettina; Sellevoll, Kathrine; Tangstad, Merete (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Si3N4 is a candidate crucible material for Si–B alloys in high temperature thermal energy storage system. In this regard, the phase formation in the Si–B alloys and the interaction between the alloys and Si3N4 were ...
    • In situ observation of the carbothermic reduction and foaming of slags in silicomanganese production 

      Canaguier, Vincent Yves; Tangstad, Merete (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      The carbothermic reduction of slag in silicomanganese production is accompanied by the release of carbon monoxide. This gas can accumulate as bubbles within the slag, leading to foaming and, potentially, disturbances to ...
    • Interfacial Behaviour in Ferroalloys: The Influence of Sulfur in FeMn and SiMn Systems 

      Bublik, Sergey; Bao, Sarina; Tangstad, Merete; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      The present study has investigated the influence of sulfur content in synthetic FeMn and SiMn from 0 to 1.00 wt pct on interfacial properties between these ferroalloys and slags. The effect of experimental parameters such ...
    • Investigation of Two Immiscible Liquids Wetting at Elevated Temperature: Interaction Between Liquid FeMn Alloy and Liquid Slag 

      Bao, Sarina; Tangstad, Merete; Tang, Kai; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne; Syvertsen, Martin; Onsøien, Morten Ingar; Kudyba, Artur; Bublik, Sergey (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      The goal of the current work is to develop a methodology to study the wetting behaviour of two immiscible liquids at high temperatures, and to investigate the parameters which influence the wetting properties. The wetting ...
    • A multiscale numerical approach of the dripping slag in the coke bed zone of a pilot scale Si-Mn furnace 

      Letout, Sebastien Romain; Ratvik, Arne Petter; Tangstad, Merete; Johansen, Stein Tore; Olsen, Jan Erik (SINTEF proceedings;2387-4295, Chapter, 2017)
      The Si-Mn alloy process production in submerged arc furnaces (SAF) is investigated. The aim of the studies currently in progress is an enhancement of the knowledge about the key reactions and the mass transport phenomenon ...
    • Ore melting and reduction in silicomanganese production 

      Ringdalen, Eli; Gaal, S.; Tangstad, Merete; Ostrovski, Oleg (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2010)
      The charge for silicomangansese production consists of manganese ore (often mixed with ferromanganese slag) dolomite or calcite, quartz, and in some cases, other additions. These materials have different melting properties, ...
    • Phase Transformations from Quartz to Cristobalite 

      Jusnes, Karin Fjeldstad; Tangstad, Merete; Ringdalen, Eli (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Chapter, 2018)
      Two quartz types used in the silicon and ferrosilicon industry were heated to temperatures of 1600 and 1700 °C. The parameters varied were the temperature and the holding time at maximum temperature. The amount of quartz, ...