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Characterization of liquid products from slow pyrolysis of woody biomass
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)In the present work, birch and spruce woodchips were pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor under different pyrolysis conditions. The effects of pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere (i.e., with and without gas purging) on yield ... -
Characterization of Microbial Diversity in Decayed Wood from a Spanish Forest: An Environmental Source of Industrially Relevant Microorganisms
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)Rotting wood is inhabited by a large diversity of bacteria, fungi, and insects with complex environmental relationships. The aim of this work was to study the composition of the microbiota (bacteria and fungi) in decaying ... -
Characterization of Porous Structures of Cellulose Nanofibrils Loaded with Salicylic Acid
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)Bleached and unbleached pulp fibers were treated with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) mediated oxidation to obtain cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). The resulting bleached and unbleached CNFs were mixed with ... -
Characterization of Rough PTFE Surfaces by the Modified Wilhelmy Balance Technique
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)The wetting of rough polymer surfaces is of great importance for many technical applications. In this paper, we demonstrate the relationship between the mean roughness values and the fractal dimension of rough and self-affine ... -
Characterization of the GNSS RFI Threat to DFMC GBAS Signal Bands
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)This article presents analysis results from a long-term multi-site Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) monitoring campaign in the context of Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) ... -
Characterization of two sites for geotechnical testing in permafrost: Longyearbyen, Svalbard
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019)The mean annual air temperature in Svalbard has increased between 3 ℃ and 5 ℃ during the last 40 to 50 years. The continuous warming trend observed in Svalbard during the last 30 years has raised concerns about the stability ... -
Characterization, thermodynamics and mechanism of formation of SiC-SiOx core–shell nanowires
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)Silicon carbide nanowires are valuable for electronic and optical applications, due to their high mechanical and electrical properties. Previous studies demonstrated that nanowires can be produced easily, by mixing a ... -
Charcoal and Use of Green Binder for Use in Carbon Anodes in the Aluminium Industry
(The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Chapter; Peer reviewed, 2020)Carbon anodes for aluminium production are produced from calcined petroleum coke (CPC), recycled anode butts and coal tar pitch (CTP). The CO2 produced during anode consumption contributes to a substantial amount of the ... -
Charge Transport in 2D MoS2, WS2, and MoS2–WS2 Heterojunction-Based Field-Effect Transistors: Role of Ambipolarity
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)Electrical and optical characteristics of few-layered (3–4 L) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown MoS2, WS2, and MoS2–WS2 heterostructure-based back-gated field-effect transistor (FET) devices have herein been studied. ... -
Charging electric vehicles on long trips and the willingness to pay to reduce waiting for charging. Stated preference survey in Norway
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)Technological developments in charging speed and battery capacity are leading to an increased use of electric vehicles (EV) for long trips, but the charging infrastructure network is too scarce to satisfy the growing energy ... -
Chatbots and the new world of HCI
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017) -
Chatbots as a new user interface for providing health information to young people
(Others, 2018)Designing and developing chatbots as a new interface to provide Health information for young people needs a new understanding of new user needs and motivations, as well as privacy. What is needed to develop a successful ... -
Chatbots as Part of Digital Government Service Provision – A User Perspective
(Chapter, 2023)Chatbots are taken up as part of digital government service provision. While the success of chatbots for this purpose depends on these being accepted by their intended users, there is a lack of knowledge concerning user ... -
Chatbots for customer service: user experience and motivation
(Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Conversational User Interfaces;2019, Chapter; Peer reviewed, 2019)Companies are increasingly using chatbots to provide customer service. Despite this trend, little in-depth research has been conducted on user experience and user motivation for this important application area of conversational ... -
Chatbots for social good
(Chapter, 2018)Chatbots are emerging as an increasingly important area for the HCI community, as they provide a novel means for users to interact with service providers. Due to their conversational character, chatbots are potentially ... -
Chatbots: changing user needs and motivations
(Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)Chatbots have been around for decades. However, the real buzz around this technology did not start until the spring of 2016. Reasons for the sudden renewed interest in chatbots include massive advances in artificial ... -
Chemical Durability of Thermal Insulating Materials in Hall-Héroult Electrolysis Cells
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)The most common thermal insulating materials used in the cathode lining in aluminum electrolysis cells are Moler (diatomaceous earth), calcium silicate, or vermiculite based materials. The thermal insulation layer is ... -
Chemical solution deposition of thin films for protonic ceramic fuel cells
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2014)Chemical solution deposition (CSD) offers the opportunity to fabricate very thin electrolyte films at lower temperatures than traditional powder-based methods. CSD methods have not been used much in production of protonic ... -
Chemical Stability and Characterization of Degradation Products of Blends of 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine and 3-Amino-1-propanol
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)Aqueous amine solvents are used to capture CO2 from various flue gas sources. In this work, the chemical stability of a blend of 3-amino-1-propanol (3A1P) and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine [1-(2HE)PRLD] was studied. The ... -
Chemical stability and H2 flux degradation of cercer membranes based on lanthanum tungstate and lanthanum chromite
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016)Ceramic–ceramic composite (cercer) membranes of (Mo-doped) lanthanum tungstate, La27(W,Mo)5O55.5−δ, and lanthanum chromite, La0.87Sr0.13CrO3−δ, have recently been shown to exhibit H2 permeabilities among state-of-the-art. ...