• Online monitoring of aluminium primary production gas composition by use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 

      Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Ferber, Alain Marc C; Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Gaertner, Heiko (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      Online monitoring of aluminium primary production raw gas is challenging due to the high concentration of HF in the presence of water. Tunable Diode Laser (TDL) analyzers retrofitted with sapphire optical windows allow for ...
    • Particulate emissions from electrolysis cells 

      Gaertner, Heiko; Ratvik, Arne Petter; Aarhaug, Thor Anders (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2011)
      In the dry cleaning of the exhaust gas from the aluminium cells impurities are accumulated in the finer fractions of secondary alumina from the dry scrubbers. The present work describes new methods for the determination ...
    • Perfluorocarbon Formation During Rare Earth Electrolysis 

      Osen, Karen Sende; Martinez, Ana Maria Cuellar; Gudbrandsen, Henrik; Støre, Anne; Sommerseth, Camilla; Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Gaertner, Heiko; Chamelot, Pierre; Gibilaro, Mathieu; Massot, Laurent (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      A challenge during rare earth (RE) electrolysis is to avoid emissions of perfluorocarbon (PFC) green-house gases. The objective of this work was to study how to operate the RE electrolysis process with neither PFC formation ...
    • PFC Evolution Characteristics During Aluminium and Rare Earth Electrolysis 

      Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Solheim, Asbjørn; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Osen, Karen Sende; Martinez, Ana Maria Cuellar; Sommerseth, Camilla; Gudbrandsen, Henrik; Støre, Anne; Gaertner, Heiko (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      In addition to aluminium electrolysis, the electrolysis of rare earth (RE) metals from fluoride melts is a significant source of perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions to the atmosphere. These processes have many similarities, ...
    • PFC evolution characteristics during aluminium and rare earth electrolysis 

      Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Solheim, Asbjørn; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Osen, Karen Sende; Martinez, Ana Maria Cuellar; Sommerseth, Camilla; Gudbrandsen, Henrik; Støre, Anne; Gaertner, Heiko (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
    • Potentiometric Fluoride Analysis with Improved Analytical Performance 

      Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Nagy, Kalman; Smith, Kieran G. (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012)
      Since the 1960s SINTEF has, in collaboration with the Nordic aluminium smelters, developed methods for sampling and analysis of fluoride. Unlike conventional potentiometric analysis, this methodology involves detection of ...
    • Probability of occurrence of ISO 14687-2 contaminants in hydrogen: Principles and examples from steam methane reforming and electrolysis (water and chlor-alkali) production processes model 

      Bacquart, Thomas; Carré, Martine; Gozlan, Bruno; Aupêtre, Fabien; Haloua, Frédérique; Aarhaug, Thor Anders (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      According to European Directive 2014/94/EU, hydrogen providers have the responsibility to prove that their hydrogen is of suitable quality for fuel cell vehicles. Contaminants may originate from hydrogen production, ...
    • Strategies for the sampling of hydrogen at refuelling stations for purity assessment 

      Arrhenius, Karine; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Bacquart, Thomas; Morris, Abigail; Bartlett, Sam; Wagner, Lisa; Blondeel, Claire; Gozlan, Bruno; Lescornez, Yann; Chramosta, Nathalie; Spitta, Christian; Basset, Etienne; Nouvelot, Quentin; Rizand, Mathilde (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Hydrogen delivered at hydrogen refuelling station must be compliant with requirements stated in different standards which require specialized sampling device and personnel to operate it. Currently, different strategies are ...
    • Use of a Distributed Micro-sensor System for Monitoring the Indoor Particulate Matter Concentration in the Atmosphere of Ferroalloy Production Plants 

      Myklebust, Håkon A Hartvedt Olsen; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Tranell, Maria Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a concern for both occupational health and the environment, and, in the ferroalloy industry, the level of such particles in the air can be considerable. Small, low-cost sensors for ...
    • Validation of Online Monitoring of PFC by QCL with FTIR Spectroscopy 

      Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Ferber, Alain Marc C; Gaertner, Heiko; Kolås, Steinar; Ryman, Sven Olof; Geiser, Peter (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      Monitoring of perfluorocarbon (PFC) evolution from aluminium smelting is gaining attention, not only because of their high greenhouse gas potentials but also due to process optimization purposes. Conventionally, PFC ...
    • Validation of QCL CF4 Gas Analyzer for Sensitivity and Selectivity 

      Aarhaug, Thor Anders (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) has open the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range for laser gas monitors. For perfluorocarbon gases (PFCs) such as CF4, continuous emission monitors are now commercially available. Since these ...