• Compaction of aluminium foil and its effect on oxidation and recycling yield 

      Vallejo-Olivares, Alicia; Philipson, Harald; Gökelma, Mertol; Roven, Hans Jørgen; Furu, Trond; Kvithyld, Anne; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      One of the problems when recycling aluminium is its oxidation and consequent metal loss. This is especially critical for the thin sheet/foil materials used for food packaging applications. Compacting the scrap into briquettes ...
    • Effects of CO2 cover gas and yttrium additions on the oxidation of AlMg alloys 

      Smith, Nicholas Albert; Gleeson, Brian; wissam, saidi; Kvithyld, Anne; Tranell, Gabriella (Light Metals;2019, Chapter; Peer reviewed, 2019)
      AlMg alloys are known to suffer from problematic oxidation that can result in significant dross formation and loss of Mg from the melt. Historically, beryllium has been used to minimize the oxidation as it forms a protective ...
    • Element distribution in the silicomanganese production process 

      Ma, Yan; Moosavi-Khoonsari, Elmira; Kero, Ida; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      A pilot scale, silicomanganese alloy production campaign was performed in a 440 kVA, single phase electric furnace in order to establish an overview of the minor- and trace element contents in process input raw materials ...
    • Evaporation and diffusion of Mn in inert systems 

      Olsen, Håkon Aleksander Hartvedt; Andersson, Stefan; Tranell, Gabriella (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      This research is aimed to improve our knowledge on the dust formation and clustering in the ferroalloy industry. Specifically, this paper focuses on the evaporation of manganese metal, and how different parameters influence ...
    • Fume Formation from Oxidation of Liquid SiMn Alloy 

      Ma, Yan; Kero, Ida; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)
      Thermally generated fumes from the production of manganese ferroalloys are mostly composed of metallic oxides generated due to reaction between high-temperature molten metal and ambient oxygen in the air. In the current ...
    • Magnesiothermic Reduction of Natural Quartz 

      Rasouli, Azam; Herstad, Karl Edvin; Safarian, Jafar; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      In the current work, the metallothermic reduction of natural quartz by magnesium has been studied at 1373 K under different reaction conditions, i.e. quartz type, quartz particle size, Mg:SiO2 mole ratio and reaction time. ...
    • Mechanism behind the Inhibiting Effect of CO2 on the Oxidation of Al−Mg Alloys 

      Smith, Nicholas Albert; Gleeson, Brian; wissam, saidi; Kvithyld, Anne; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      Al–Mg alloys are known to suffer from problematic oxidation during melting, refining, and casting. The use of a CO2/air cover gas is known to minimize this oxidation; however, a mechanistic understanding of the beneficial ...
    • The Mechanism Behind the Oxidation Protection of High Mg Al Alloys with Beryllium 

      Smith, Nicholas; Kvithyld, Anne; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      The addition of beryllium to Al-Mg alloys is known to cause a dramatic decrease in oxidation; however, the mechanism behind this protective effect is not yet fully understood. To aid in finding an alternative to the toxic ...
    • Novel technique to study the wet chemical etching response of multi-crystalline silicon wafers 

      Matkivskyi, Vladyslav; Røyset, Arne Karstein; Stokkan, Gaute; Tetlie, Pål; Sabatino, Marisa Di; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The current work aimed to demonstrate the application of a technique where white light interferometry (WLI) and Laue X-ray crystallography scanner characterisation were combined to study the chemical etching response of ...
    • Oxidation-Enhanced Evaporation in High-Carbon Ferromanganese 

      Myklebust, Håkon A Hartvedt Olsen; Andersson, Stefan; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Lifetime and reliability in realistic operating conditions are important parameters for the application of thin-film piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (piezoMEMS) based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Humidity ...
    • Recovery of Iron and Aluminum from Bauxite Residue by Carbothermic Reduction and Slag Leaching 

      Ekstrøm, Kai Erik; Bugten, Andreas Voll; Eijk, Casper van der; Lazou, Adamantia; Balomenos, E.; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      The recovery of major components of bauxite residue by carbothermic reduction at 1550–1750 °C and subsequent slag leaching in a Na3CO3(aq) solution is studied. Iron recovers primarily to pig-iron and lime is added to tune ...
    • Recycling of the Rare Earth Oxides from Spent Rechargeable Batteries Using Waste Metallurgical Slags 

      Tang, Kai; Ciftja, Arjan; Eijk, Casper van der; Wilson, Shawn C.; Tranell, Gabriella (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      A high temperature process for recycling spent nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries has been recently developed at SINTEF/NTNU. The spent battery modules were first frozen with liquid nitrogen for the de-activation ...
    • Rheological properties of Al2O3–CaO–SiO2 slags 

      Tang, Kai; Eijk, Casper van der; Gouttebroze, Sylvain; Du, Qiang; Safarian, Jafar; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The Al2O3–CaO–SiO2 ternary is a basic oxide system relevant for the Pedersen alumina production process and for aluminothermic silicon production with low environmental impact using secondary aluminium and silica raw ...
    • Tapping Gas from the Silicon Submerged Arc Furnace: An Industrial Measurement Campaign 

      Andersen, Vegar; Gaertner, Heiko; Grådahl, Svend; Ksiazek, Michal Tomasz; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Producing high-silicon alloys in submerged arc furnaces (SAF) involves the generation of an intermediate process gas, consisting of silicon monoxide (SiO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Combustion of process gas from the taphole ...
    • Thermal De‑coating Pre‑treatment for Loose or Compacted Aluminum Scrap and Consequences for Salt‑Flux Recycling 

      Vallejo-Olivares, Alicia; Høgåsen, Solveig; Kvithyld, Anne; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      In aluminum recycling, thermal de-coating pre-treatments remove moisture and organic contamination before re-melting. If the scrap is compacted into bales or briquettes before the thermal treatment and re-melting processes, ...
    • Thermodynamic and Kinetic Behavior of B and Na Through the Contact of B-Doped Silicon with Na2O-SiO2 Slags 

      Safarian-Dastjerdi, Jafar; Tranell, Gabriella; Tangstad, Merete (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2013)
      Boron (B) is the most problematic impurity to be removed in the processes applied for the production of solar grade silicon. Boron removal from liquid silicon by sodium-silicate slags is experimentally studied and it is ...
    • XPS Examination of the Oxide-Metal interface of an Al-Mg Alloy Containing Beryllium 

      Smith, Nicholas; Kvithyld, Anne; Tranell, Gabriella (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Chapter, 2018)
      The addition of beryllium to high magnesium aluminum alloys has long been known to cause a significant decrease in the rate of alloy oxidation. A clear understanding of the fundamental mechanism behind this effect is still ...