• Direct Method for Producing Scandium Metal and Scandium-Aluminium Intermetallic Compounds from the Oxides 

      Martinez, Ana Maria Cuellar; Osen, Karen Sende; Gudbrandsen, Henrik; Sommerseth, Camilla; Wang, Zhaohui; Darell, Ove (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      The electrochemical de-oxidation process, also called FFC-Cambridge process, has been proposed previously to produce reactive metals and their alloys through reduction of their metal oxides. The process works by introducing ...
    • Electrode behaviors of Na-Zn liquid metal battery 

      Xu, Junli; Martinez, Ana Maria Cuellar; Osen, Karen Sende; Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Kongstein, Ole Edvard; Haarberg, Geir Martin (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)
      The electroreduction processes on a Mo electrode in a Na-Zn liquid metal battery cell with a molten NaCl-CaCl2-ZnCl2 electrolyte were investigated at 565°C. The effect of the battery operating parameters on the loss rate ...
    • A method for comparing the HF formation potential of aluminas with different water contents 

      Sommerseth, Camilla; Osen, Karen Sende; Rosenkilde, Christian; Meyer, Astrid J.; Kristiansen, Linda; Aarhaug, Thor Anders (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012)
      In the aluminium industry today, smelters often have to rely on more than one alumina supplier. This creates diversity in the properties of smelter grade alumina (SGA). A method has been developed to compare the HF formation ...
    • Perfluorocarbon Formation During Rare Earth Electrolysis 

      Osen, Karen Sende; Martinez, Ana Maria Cuellar; Gudbrandsen, Henrik; Støre, Anne; Sommerseth, Camilla; Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Gaertner, Heiko; Chamelot, Pierre; Gibilaro, Mathieu; Massot, Laurent (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
      A challenge during rare earth (RE) electrolysis is to avoid emissions of perfluorocarbon (PFC) green-house gases. The objective of this work was to study how to operate the RE electrolysis process with neither PFC formation ...
    • PFC Evolution Characteristics During Aluminium and Rare Earth Electrolysis 

      Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Solheim, Asbjørn; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Osen, Karen Sende; Martinez, Ana Maria Cuellar; Sommerseth, Camilla; Gudbrandsen, Henrik; Støre, Anne; Gaertner, Heiko (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      In addition to aluminium electrolysis, the electrolysis of rare earth (RE) metals from fluoride melts is a significant source of perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions to the atmosphere. These processes have many similarities, ...
    • PFC evolution characteristics during aluminium and rare earth electrolysis 

      Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Solheim, Asbjørn; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Osen, Karen Sende; Martinez, Ana Maria Cuellar; Sommerseth, Camilla; Gudbrandsen, Henrik; Støre, Anne; Gaertner, Heiko (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)
    • Porous Carbon Anodes for the Supply of Methane during Electrowinning of Aluminium 

      Khalaghi, Babak; Gudbrandsen, Henrik; Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Osen, Karen Sende; Mokkelbost, Tommy; Haarberg, Geir Martin (Chapter; Peer reviewed, 2016)
      One of the major downsides of the current aluminium production process is the high amount of CO2 e mission. One alternative is to replace the consumable carbon anodes with inert anodes so that oxygen evolves instead of CO2 ...
    • Recovery of Platinum Group Metals From Secondary Sources by Selective Chlorination from Molten Salt Media 

      Martinez, Ana Maria Cuellar; Osen, Karen Sende; Støre, Anne (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      The use of molten salts as “solvents” offers interesting possibilities for the treatment of ores, industrial by-products as well as scraps, allowing the development of processes that are mid-way between pyro- and ...