Blar i SINTEF Open på forfatter "Gaertner, Heiko"
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A study of anode baking gas composition
Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Brandvik, Trond; Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Gaertner, Heiko; Ratvik, Arne Petter (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)A method has been developed to measure gas composition inside the pit in open anode baking furnaces. The gas composition can be used to understand attack on and degradation of the refractory lining, baking behavior and ... -
Analysis of nitro- and oxy-PAH emissions from a pilot scale silicon process with flue gas recirculation
Arnesen, Kamilla; Andersen, Vegar; Jakovljevic, Katarina; Enge, Ellen Katrin; Gaertner, Heiko; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne; Tranell, Maria Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)Silicon alloys are produced by carbothermic reduction of quartz in a submerged arc furnace. This high-temperature pyrolytic process is a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are a group of aromatic ... -
Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Pilot Scale Silicon Process with Flue Gas Recirculation
Arnesen, Kamilla; Vachaparambil, Kurian Jomy; Vegar, Andersen; Panjwani, Balram; Jakovljevic, Katarina; Enge, Ellen Katrin; Gaertner, Heiko; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne; Tranell, Maria Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)Flue gas recirculation (FGR) is a method used in several industries to control emissions and process conditions, such as NOx reduction and temperature levels, and increase the CO2 concentration in the off-gas, to be better ... -
Improved cyclability of Nickel-rich layered oxides
Wagner, Nils Peter; Tolchard, Julian R; Tron, Artur; Pollen, Harald Norrud; Gaertner, Heiko; Vullum, Per Erik (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)This study compares the physico- and electro- chemical properties of LiNi0.8Mn0.10Co0.1O2 (NMC811) and LiNi0.83Mn0.06Co0.09Al0.1O2 (NMCA) prepared by an oxalic acid co-precipitation. Deposition of a SiO2 surface coating ... -
Impurity Elements in Raw Gas Ultra-Fines from Aluminium Electrolysis Cells
Gaertner, Heiko; Ratvik, Arne Petter; Aarhaug, Thor Anders (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012)The effect of alumina feeding and pot suction rate on the amount and composition of fine particles in raw gases has been investigated. Particle size distribution of ultra-fines (Di < 10 μm) were measured in real time and ... -
In situ monitoring of pit gas composition during baking of anodes for aluminum electrolysis
Brandvik, Trond; Gaertner, Heiko; Ratvik, Arne Petter; Grande, Tor; Aarhaug, Thor Anders (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019) -
Online monitoring of aluminium primary production gas composition by use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Ferber, Alain Marc C; Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Gaertner, Heiko (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2014)Online monitoring of aluminium primary production raw gas is challenging due to the high concentration of HF in the presence of water. Tunable Diode Laser (TDL) analyzers retrofitted with sapphire optical windows allow for ... -
Particulate emissions from electrolysis cells
Gaertner, Heiko; Ratvik, Arne Petter; Aarhaug, Thor Anders (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2011)In the dry cleaning of the exhaust gas from the aluminium cells impurities are accumulated in the finer fractions of secondary alumina from the dry scrubbers. The present work describes new methods for the determination ... -
Perfluorocarbon Formation During Rare Earth Electrolysis
Osen, Karen Sende; Martinez, Ana Maria Cuellar; Gudbrandsen, Henrik; Støre, Anne; Sommerseth, Camilla; Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Gaertner, Heiko; Chamelot, Pierre; Gibilaro, Mathieu; Massot, Laurent (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018)A challenge during rare earth (RE) electrolysis is to avoid emissions of perfluorocarbon (PFC) green-house gases. The objective of this work was to study how to operate the RE electrolysis process with neither PFC formation ... -
PFC Evolution Characteristics During Aluminium and Rare Earth Electrolysis
Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Solheim, Asbjørn; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Osen, Karen Sende; Martinez, Ana Maria Cuellar; Sommerseth, Camilla; Gudbrandsen, Henrik; Støre, Anne; Gaertner, Heiko (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)In addition to aluminium electrolysis, the electrolysis of rare earth (RE) metals from fluoride melts is a significant source of perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions to the atmosphere. These processes have many similarities, ... -
PFC evolution characteristics during aluminium and rare earth electrolysis
Kjos, Ole Sigmund; Solheim, Asbjørn; Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Osen, Karen Sende; Martinez, Ana Maria Cuellar; Sommerseth, Camilla; Gudbrandsen, Henrik; Støre, Anne; Gaertner, Heiko (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018) -
Pilot-Scale Test of Flue Gas Recirculation for The Silicon Process
Andersen, Vegar; Solheim, Ingeborg; Gaertner, Heiko; Sægrov-Sorte, Bendik; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne; Tranell, Maria Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)Flue gas recirculation (FGR) for the silicon process may facilitate increasing the CO2 concentration in the off-gas, which will be beneficial for potential future carbon capture. Lower oxygen concentration in the combustion ... -
Tapping Gas from the Silicon Submerged Arc Furnace: An Industrial Measurement Campaign
Andersen, Vegar; Gaertner, Heiko; Grådahl, Svend; Ksiazek, Michal Tomasz; Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne; Tranell, Gabriella (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)Producing high-silicon alloys in submerged arc furnaces (SAF) involves the generation of an intermediate process gas, consisting of silicon monoxide (SiO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Combustion of process gas from the taphole ... -
Validation of Online Monitoring of PFC by QCL with FTIR Spectroscopy
Aarhaug, Thor Anders; Ferber, Alain Marc C; Gaertner, Heiko; Kolås, Steinar; Ryman, Sven Olof; Geiser, Peter (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series;2367-1181, Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)Monitoring of perfluorocarbon (PFC) evolution from aluminium smelting is gaining attention, not only because of their high greenhouse gas potentials but also due to process optimization purposes. Conventionally, PFC ...