• Addressing the Accidental Risks of Maritime Transportation: Could Autonomous Shipping Technology Improve the Statistics? 

      Hoem, Åsa Snilstveit; Fjørtoft, Kay Endre; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2019-09)
      A paradigm shift is presently underway in the shipping industry promising safer, greener and more efficient ship traffic. In this article, we will look at some of the accidents from conventional shipping and see if they ...
    • Analysing Supply Chain Phases for Design of Effective Autonomous Ship Technology in New Transport System Solutions 

      Wennersberg, Lars Andreas Lien; Nordahl, Håvard; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Bolbot, Victor; Theotokatos, Gerasimos (;OMAE2020-18715, Chapter, 2020-06)
      Maritime autonomous surface ships provide new capabilities for transport systems design, and by that the potential to dramatically change ship logistics. Advantages of autonomous ships include operational flexibility with ...
    • At least as safe as manned shipping? Autonomous shipping, safety and “human error” 

      Porathe, Thomas; Hoem, Åsa Snilstveit; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Fjørtoft, Kay Endre; Johnsen, Stig Ole (Chapter, 2018)
      A paradigm shift is presently underway in the shipping industry promising safer, greener and more efficient ship traffic with unmanned, autonomous vessels. In this article, we will look at some of these promises. The ...
    • Big Data in Shipping - Challenges and Opportunities 

      Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Perera, Lokukaluge Prasad; Mo, Brage (Chapter, 2016)
    • Constrained Autonomy for a Better Human–Automation Interface 

      Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (Chapter; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      The concept of autonomous or uncrewed ships is not new. Japan investigated remote control of ships in the “Highly reliable intelligent ship” project from 1982 to 1988 (Hasegawa 2004). The rocket launching platform L/P ...
    • D2.2 Updated cyber risk assessment for the maritime industry 

      Meland, Per Håkon; Bernsmed, Karin; Wille, Egil; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Nesheim, Dag Atle (SINTEF Rapport;2021:00341, Research report, 2021)
      This report presents an updated assessment of the cyberthreat landscape in the context of CySiMS-SE. It is based on the previous work from CySiMS “D1.1 Risk Model and Analysis” and the methodology from CySiMS-SE “D2.1 ...
    • Defining Ship Autonomy by Characteristic Factors 

      Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (SINTEF Proceedings;3, Chapter, 2019)
      Several papers have proposed ways to define levels of autonomy (LOA), i.e. how responsibility is shared between an automation system and a human when the automation system to some degree can operate independently of the ...
    • Defining Ship Autonomy by Characteristic Factors 

      Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (SINTEF Proceedings;3, Chapter; Peer reviewed; Conference object, 2019)
      Several papers have proposed ways to define levels of autonomy (LOA), i.e. how responsibility is shared between an automation system and a human when the automation system to some degree can operate independently of the ...
    • Expanding the Possibilities of AIS Data with Heuristics 

      Smestad, Bjørnar B.; Asbjørnslett, Bjørn Egil; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2017-06)
      Automatic Identification System (AIS) is primarily used as a tracking system for ships, but with the launch of satellites to collect these data, new and previously untested possibilities are emerging. This paper presents ...
    • Hazards and Risks of Automated Passenger Ferry Operations in Norway 

      Johnsen, Stig Ole; Thieme, Christoph Alexander; Myklebust, Thor; Holte, Even Ambros; Fjørtoft, Kay Endre; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (Chapter, 2022)
      This paper describes the hazards and mitigation of risks for operating automated ferries in sheltered waters in Norway. Two cases have been explored, one with max 25Pax (persons on board) close to shore, and another involving ...
    • ICMASS 2018. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships 

      Lee, Kwangil; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (SINTEF Proceedings;3, Book; Peer reviewed; Conference object, 2018)
    • The IMO Reference Data Model: One Solution Fits Most! 

      De Cauwer, Nico; Fontanet, Martina; Garcia, Julian Abril; Greven, Hans; Juhl, Jeppe S.; Probert, Sue; Renz, Mikael; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (Progress in IS;2196-8705, Chapter, 2021)
      In 2019, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) made it mandatory to support the electronic clearance of ships entering foreign ports. In preparation, the IMO Facilitation Committee started to develop a reference ...
    • Improving Safety by Learning from Automation in Transport Systems with a Focus on Sensemaking and Meaningful Human Control 

      Hoem, Åsa Snilstveit; Johnsen, Stig Ole; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Fjørtoft, Kay Endre; Jenssen, Gunnar; Moen, Terje (Chapter; Peer reviewed, 2021)
      Automated transport systems are deployed in many areas and transport modes. The predominant engineering perspective has been to automate as much as possible and minimize human interaction. However, a balanced integration ...
    • Integrating accountability in the systems design of autonomous and remote-controlled operations 

      Myhre, Bård; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Petersen, Stig (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2020-11)
      In a previous paper we have suggested that the transferal of human accountability from an on-site human actor (such as the captain) to a remote human actor (such as the creator of the autonomous control system) could be ...
    • Integrating IEC and ISO information models into the S-100 Common Maritime Data Structure 

      Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (Others, 2016-03-14)
      The implementation of new e-navigation services will be heavily dependent on the Common Maritime Data Structure (CMDS) based on the IHO S-100 framework. Much work is already being committed to this. However, the development ...
    • Keeping the human element to secure autonomous shipping operations 

      Meland, Per Håkon; Nesheim, Dag Atle; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Autonomous shipping operations are becoming economically and technically feasible, but this development also requires new human roles and responsibilities onshore for managing cyber events. The goal of this paper is to ...
    • Levels of autonomy for ships 

      Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Wennersberg, Lars Andreas Lien; Nordahl, Håvard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      This paper gives a summary of previously published papers on the definition of autonomy for ships, how this relates to different crewing regimes, and the terminology to be used. A conclusion is that autonomy should be ...
    • The need for a public key infrastructure for automated and autonomous ships 

      Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Frøystad, Christian; Meland, Per Håkon; Bernsmed, Karin; Nesheim, Dag Atle (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Shipping undergoes rapid digitization, covering safety and security reporting, mandatory ship documentation, electronic port clearance as well as commercial and operational information exchanges. Increasing automation of ...
    • A New Architectural Framework for Digitalization of Maritime Intelligent Transport Systems 

      Hagaseth, Marianne; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Krogstad, T.; Bakke, Magnus (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2023)
      Digitization in international shipping is an increasingly important topic, but for many years, the lack of accepted international standards and the usage of many different regional solutions, especially for communication ...
    • A novel risk assessment process: Application to an autonomous inland waterways ship 

      Bolbot, Victor; Theotokatos, Gerasimos; Wennersberg, Lars Andreas Lien; Faivre, Jérôme; Vassalos, Dracos; Boulougouris, Evangelos; Rødseth, Ørnulf Jan; Andersen, Pål; Pauwelyn, Ann-Sofie; Van Coillie, Antoon (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Effectively addressing safety, security and cyber-security challenges is quintessential for progressing the development of next generation maritime autonomous shipping. This study aims at developing a novel hybrid, ...